Gwawdodyn Hir is a Welsh meter based on sixains (six-line stanzas). It combines lines of nine and ten syllables, utilizing rhyme and cross-rhyme to enforce rhythm. Superficially, it is an expanded version of the Gwawdodyn Byr, taking that same form and adding two more lines to it.
Gwawdodyn Byr is a Welsh meter based on quatrains that is nearly, but not quite, isosyllabic. It features two nine-syllable lines followed by two ten-syllable lines, with a single rhyme sound that appears on all four lines. The sound appears at the end of lines one, two, and four, but in the middle of line three.
An Englyn is one of several types of short poems from Wales. They feature combinations of a ten-syllable line, a short line (five or six syllables), and one or more seven-syllable lines, along with rhymes. Sometimes the entire poem is isosyllabic, featuring only seven-syllable lines.
The Gwawdodyn verse form is the 20th of the codified Welsh meters. This form is made up of quatrains comprised of distinct couplet forms that are, themselves, other members of the codified meters. More specifically, a Gwawdodyn verse will be a Cyhydedd Naw Ban couplet followed by either a Toddaid or a Cyhydedd Hir.
Hir a Thoddaid (literally “long stanza with a Toddaid”) is the 22nd of the codified Welsh meters. It consists of an isosyllabic mono-rhymed quatrain followed by a Toddaid couplet, which is itself the 19th meter. This unique form is the most commonly used of the awdl forms in the modern day.
The toddaid is one of the 24 codified Welsh meters. This particular poem form consists of uneven couplets with lines of ten and nine syllables, featuring unusual rhyme schemes that utilize a technique called gair cyrch, ultimately resulting in staggered rhymes that feel exotic to English readers and writers.
The rhupunt is one of the 24 codified Welsh meters. It focuses mainly on monorhyme, though the last line of the rhupunt will not rhyme with the rest and will usually instead be matched to a second rhupunt added to the first. As such, rhupunts were traditionally written in couplets.
Cyrch a chwta is a stanzaic verse form and one of the 24 codified Welsh meters. It consists entirely of isosyllabic octaves with seven syllables per line and has a heavy emphasis on rhyme, even including one cross-rhyme near the end of each stanza.
The cywydd heuair fyrion is a Welsh verse form consisting simply of a couplet with two rhymed four-syllable lines. While the form can be any number of couplets, the form of the basic unit itself is one of the shortest on record at a mere eight syllables.
The cywydd deuair hirion (or “long-lined couplet”) is one of the 24 codified Welsh meters. Each line of the couplet is seven syllables and both lines rhyme, with one ending in a stressed syllable while the other ends in an unstressed syllable. This is by far the most common cywydd.
Cywydd llosgyrnog is a stanzaic verse form utilizing sixains (six-line stanzas) and is one of the 24 codified Welsh meters. The form has a heavy emphasis on rhyme and cross-rhyme, with comfortable line lengths that the majority of writers should be able to work with easily.
Cyhydedd naw ban is a rhymed couplet form that is numbered among the 24 codified Welsh meters. Each line written in cyhydedd naw ban is nine syllables. Cyhydedd naw ban often functions more like a basic building block to make poems out of, rather than a complete form.
Cyhydedd hir is a 19-syllable Welsh verse form that utilizes several rhymes within a very tight space. The verse is ultimately split into four units of 5/5/5/4 syllables, with a rhyme at the end of each unit. The first three units rhyme with each other while the last rhyme sets up the next verse.
A cyhydedd fer is a rhymed couplet consisting of eight-syllable lines with an AA rhyme scheme. This simple format is one of the 24 codified Welsh meters, being both an independent meter and a component used in some of the other Welsh meters.
Clogyrnach is a Welsh verse form that utilizes a two-sound rhyme scheme and lines with different numbers of syllables to create a poem whose rhymes get closer and closer together as the verse continues. While a single verse may only be four to six lines, the full poem can be much longer by repeating the pattern.
Byr a Thoddaid is a traditional Welsh form consisting of rhymed quatrains. The form utilizes one symmetrical couplet with eight syllables on each line and one asymmetrical couplet with ten and six syllables, though the order that which the two couplets can appear may differ.